Which term describes language that is based upon the actual meaning, as it meets the eye?

The term that describes language based upon its actual meaning, as it meets the eye, is "literal." This means that the words are used in their most straightforward and conventional sense, without embellishment, exaggeration, or metaphor. For example, if someone says, "It's raining outside," a literal interpretation would involve understanding that it is indeed precipitation occurring at that moment.

In contrast, figurative language employs figures of speech such as metaphors and similes, whereby words convey meanings that are different from their literal interpretation. Descriptive language focuses on giving details and imagery but can employ both literal and figurative language. Contextual language considers the circumstances or background in which words are used, which may influence their meanings but doesn't specifically refer to the straightforward interpretation of the words themselves.