What term refers to symbolism that transcends a single story, becoming a part of the broader cultural or literary tradition?

The correct answer is archetype. An archetype refers to a widely recognized symbol or character type that transcends individual narratives and becomes ingrained in collective cultural consciousness. These universal patterns and symbols resonate across various works of literature and different cultures, allowing readers to draw connections and understand themes that are repeated over time. For example, the hero's journey or the wise old man are archetypes that appear in many stories throughout history, showcasing their significance in understanding human experience.

In contrast, motifs are recurring elements or themes within a single work, serving to develop a specific message but lacking the broader cultural resonance that archetypes possess. A theme is a central idea or message within a specific work, typically focused on the individual narrative rather than a shared cultural tradition. Lastly, a symbol represents a specific idea or concept within a particular context but does not carry the same weight of universality as an archetype across multiple narratives.