In a tragedy, what is the term for the event that leads to the hero's or heroine's downfall?

In the context of a tragedy, the term that refers to the event leading to the hero's or heroine's downfall is hamartia. Hamartia is often understood as the tragic flaw or error in judgment that ultimately causes the protagonist's downfall. This concept is central to tragic narratives, as it highlights the character's vulnerability and humanity, illustrating how a small mistake or an inherent flaw can lead to catastrophic consequences.

In contrast, peripeteia refers to a sudden reversal of fortune or change in circumstances, while catharsis is the emotional release experienced by the audience through the tragic events of the play. Anagnorisis, on the other hand, is the moment of recognition or discovery, where the hero gains insight into their situation or true nature. Each of these terms plays a significant role in the structure of tragedy, but when identifying the specific event that triggers the downfall, hamartia is the most appropriate term.